Galil

The Galil is a family of Israeli small arms designed by Yisrael Galil and Yaacov Lior in the late 1960s and produced by Israel Military Industries Ltd (now Israel Weapon Industries Ltd) of Ramat HaSharon. The rifle design borrowed heavily from the AK-47 and had a modified gas diversion system similar to the AK-47 to reduce the recoil of the rifle making it easier to fire especially in automatic mode.[2] The weapon system consists of a line chambered for the intermediate 5.56×45mm NATO caliber with either the M193 or SS109 ball cartridge and several models designed for use with the 7.62x51mm NATO rifle round. It is named after one of its inventors, Yisrael Galil. The Galil series of weapons is in use with military and police forces in over 25 countries.
There are four basic configurations of the Galil: the standard rifle-length AR (Assault Rifle), a carbine variant known as the SAR (Short Assault Rifle), a compact MAR (Micro Assault Rifle) version, and an ARM (Assault Rifle and Machine gun) light machine

The Galil series of rifles are selective fire weapons operated by a Kalashnikov-pattern gas-driven piston system with no regulator. The weapon is locked with a rotary bolt with two locking lugs that lock into recesses milled into the receiver.

When fired, a portion of the propellant gases are evacuated into the gas cylinder through a 1.8 mm (0.07 in) port, drilled at a 30° angle in the barrel, and a channel in the gas block. The high-pressure gases drive the piston rod (which is attached to the bolt carrier) rearward. During this rearward movement, a cam slot machined into the bolt carrier engages a cam pin on the bolt and rotates the bolt, unlocking the action. The arrangement of parts on the bolt carrier assembly provides for a degree of free travel, allowing gas pressure in the barrel to drop to a safe level before unlocking. To the immediate rear of the chrome-plated piston head is a notched ring which provides a reduced bearing surface and alleviates excess gas build-up. As the bolt carrier travels back, it compresses the return spring guided in a hollowed section of the bolt carrier and the return energy contained in the spring drives the moving assembly back forward, stripping a new round from the magazine and locking the action. The cocking handle is attached to the bolt carrier on the right side of the receiver and reciprocates with each shot; the handle is bent upwards allowing for operation with the left hand while the shooting hand remains on the pistol grip.

The ejection of spent cases from the Galil is sometimes a violent action. Cases can be dented by the ejector and be thrown as much as 40 ft away from the rifle in some cases, depending on position

Specifications
Weight	SAR 5.56mm: 3.75 kg (8.27 lb) AR 5.56mm: 3.95 kg (8.7 lb) ARM 5.56mm: 4.35 kg (9.6 lb) SAR 7.62mm: 3.85 kg (8.5 lb) AR 7.62mm: 3.95 kg (8.7 lb) ARM 7.62mm: 4.45 kg (9.8 lb) Sniper: 6.4 kg (14 lb)
Length	SAR 5.56mm: 850 mm (33 in) stock extended / 614 mm (24.2 in) stock folded AR, ARM 5.56mm: 987 mm (38.9 in) stock extended / 742 mm (29.2 in) stock folded SAR 7.62mm: 915 mm (36.0 in) stock extended / 675 mm (26.6 in) stock folded AR, ARM 7.62mm: 1,050 mm (41.3 in) stock extended / 810 mm (31.9 in) stock folded Sniper: 1,112 mm (43.8 in) stock extended / 845 mm (33.3 in) stock folded
Barrel length	SAR 5.56mm: 332 mm (13.1 in) AR, ARM 5.56mm: 460 mm (18.1 in) SAR 7.62mm: 400 mm (15.7 in) AR, ARM 7.62mm: 535 mm (21.1 in) Sniper: 508 mm (20.0 in)
Cartridge	5.56×45mm NATO [1] 7.62×51mm NATO [1]
Action	Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire	630–750 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity	SAR 5.56mm: 900 m/s (2,953 ft/s) AR, ARM 5.56mm: 950 m/s (3,116.8 ft/s) SAR 7.62mm: 800 m/s (2,624.7 ft/s) AR, ARM 7.62mm: 850 m/s (2,788.7 ft/s) Sniper: 815 m/s (2,673.9 ft/s)
Effective firing range	300–500 m sight adjustments
Feed system	5.56mm: 35, 50, 65-round detachable box magazine 7.62mm: 25-round box magazine
Sights	Flip-up rear aperture with protective ears, flip-up tritium night sights, hooded front post